Nonthaburi, with roots tracing back over 400 years, was originally known as "Ban Talat Khwan," a thriving village along the Chao Phraya River and famous for its orchards. In 1549, King Maha Chakkraphat of Ayutthaya elevated Ban Talat Khwan to city status, naming it Nonthaburi. Initially located in present-day Bang Kraso, the city featured Wat Hua Mueang (now a historic site) as its northern boundary and Wat Tai Mueang as its southern boundary.
In 1636, King Prasat Thong ordered the construction of a canal to streamline the Chao Phraya River's flow, leading to a redirection that would create a new river path. During King Narai's reign (1665), Nonthaburi's strategic position raised security concerns, prompting the construction of fortifications at the mouth of the original river route (Mae Nam Om). In 1946, Nonthaburi was formally declared a province, now encompassing six districts—Muang Nonthaburi, Pak Kret, Bang Bua Thong, Bang Yai, Bang Kruai, and Sai Noi.
Today, Nonthaburi, just 20 km from Bangkok, has shifted from agricultural roots to an increasingly urbanized landscape, serving as a residential and industrial extension of Bangkok, particularly on its eastern side, which is considered part of Bangkok's greater metropolitan area.