Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rasmon Kalayasiri, Director of the Center for Addiction Studies (CAS), stated that Thailand legalized medical cannabis in 2019 and became the first Asian country to allow legal nationwide cannabis use on June 9, 2022. Research by CAS in collaboration with academics from Thammasat University and Chulalongkorn University reveals several impacts following legalization:
- Unregulated Dispensaries: Cannabis shops have rapidly multiplied, especially in tourist areas like Khao San Road, with most failing to comply with licensing rules or verify buyers' ages.
- Rising Use Among Youth: Cannabis use among Thai youth aged 18–19 rose tenfold from 0.9% in 2019 to 9.7% in 2022. However, recreational cannabis use among the general population (aged 18–65) saw a slight decline in 2023–2024 after a 2022 spike.
- Health Consequences: Cannabis-related disorders, particularly psychotic disorders and acute intoxication, have increased markedly, leading to higher public healthcare claims in 2022–2023.
- Economic Burden: Cannabis-related healthcare and indirect costs reached an estimated 15.8 billion baht in 2023.
Despite cannabis’s medical benefits for palliative care, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and some epilepsy types, Dr. Rasmon noted there is still no effective treatment for Cannabis Use Disorder. Authorities are currently reviewing new regulatory frameworks and laws to manage cannabis use responsibly.
Mr. Watcharapong Phumchuen of the Drug Policy Foundation pointed out that international backlash has emerged, with foreign governments issuing travel warnings about cannabis in Thailand and banning its import. The UK Embassy, for instance, discussed measures with Thai officials to curb illegal cannabis export.
The uncontrolled cannabis market has created opportunities for international drug networks, raising concerns about its impact on youth and global perceptions of Thailand’s cannabis policy. Mr. Watcharapong stressed the need for a balanced law that considers public input and minimizes misuse.
Mr. Paisan Limsatit of Thammasat University's Health Law Center added that the 2022 reclassification allowing recreational cannabis conflicted with international drug laws and Thailand’s own drug code. Although cannabis was later classified as a “controlled herb,” it inadvertently legitimized recreational use. A petition of over 20,000 citizens has been submitted to propose a new cannabis law focused on medical use, consumer protection, and scientific research.
Pharmacist Dr. Niyada Kiatying-Angsulee emphasized the need for a robust, clear regulatory system to ensure safe medical cannabis access, enforce rules, and monitor potential harm. She urged the government to base cannabis policies on up-to-date scientific evidence and avoid misleading public campaigns.
Meanwhile, Mr. Rangsarn Chuenprasert, a community leader, noted that cannabis use in communities surged after decriminalization, often alongside kratom and e-cigarettes. Easy access has led youths to experiment, sometimes mixing cannabis with stronger substances. However, adequate treatment, especially for youth, remains lacking. Current services only provide temporary medication and are not residential programs, making relapse common.
He called for stricter youth access controls and more comprehensive, preventive community strategies.